PASS int3 assembles to the single byte CC PASS NASM 'int 3' assembles to CD 03 PASS int 21h assembles to CD 21 PASS into assembles to CE PASS hello21 prints its string PASS AH=4Ch return code 7 visible as ERRORLEVEL PASS AH=30h reports a version PASS AH=2Ah/2Ch ranges ok PASS AH=02h+06h write AB PASS AH=01h returned 5A ('Z') and AH=0Ah counted 5 chars 'Ankur' PASS AH=25h/35h round trip PASS AH=48h/49h alloc+free ok PASS AH=48h 1 MB request fails CF=1 AX=0008 PASS file I/O: 12 bytes read, LSEEK says 12 PASS findfirst sees U.TXT size 12 PASS reopening deleted file: CF=1 AX=0002 PASS mkdir/rmdir ok PASS child exit code 7, termination type 0 via AH=4Dh PASS CC: return IP = trap + 1 PASS CD 03: return IP = trap + 2 PASS IF and TF are 0 inside the handler, IF back to 1 after IRET PASS IF pushed on the stack was 1 PASS INT 3 with no handler: program survives under DOSBox PASS DEBUG + CC: 'Unexpected breakpoint interrupt' and IP=0104 PASS DEBUG + CC: next instruction after trap is MOV AX,2222 PASS DEBUG + CC: single-step then AX=2222 PASS DEBUG + CD 03: no breakpoint message PASS DEBUG + CD 03: stops at IP=0104 inside the INT 03 instruction PASS DEBUG + CD 03: MOV AX,2222 never runs (AX stays 1111 after stepping) PASS Unicorn: CC patch trap return IP = site+1, resume gives CX=3 PASS Unicorn: CD 03 patch trap return IP = site+2 and resume goes wrong