Add all 23 GoF design pattern implementations (2026-06-13)

03-behavioral/iterator/Book.java

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+package iterator;
+
+public class Book {
+    private final String title;
+    private final String author;
+    private final int year;
+
+    public Book(String title, String author, int year) {
+        this.title = title; this.author = author; this.year = year;
+    }
+    public String getTitle()  { return title; }
+    public int    getYear()   { return year; }
+    @Override public String toString() { return "\"" + title + "\" by " + author + " (" + year + ")"; }
+}

03-behavioral/iterator/BookIterator.java

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+package iterator;
+
+/** Our custom Iterator interface (mirrors java.util.Iterator) */
+public interface BookIterator {
+    boolean hasNext();
+    Book next();
+}

03-behavioral/iterator/BookShelf.java

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+package iterator;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Aggregate — the collection. Exposes iterators without
+ * revealing its internal storage structure.
+ */
+public class BookShelf {
+    private final List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public void addBook(Book book) { books.add(book); }
+
+    /** Standard forward iterator */
+    public BookIterator iterator() {
+        return new ForwardIterator();
+    }
+
+    /** Filtered iterator — only books from a specific decade */
+    public BookIterator iteratorByDecade(int decade) {
+        return new DecadeIterator(decade);
+    }
+
+    // --- Inner iterator implementations ---
+
+    private class ForwardIterator implements BookIterator {
+        private int index = 0;
+
+        @Override public boolean hasNext() { return index < books.size(); }
+        @Override public Book    next()    { return books.get(index++); }
+    }
+
+    private class DecadeIterator implements BookIterator {
+        private final int decade;
+        private int index = 0;
+        private Book nextBook;
+
+        DecadeIterator(int decade) {
+            this.decade = decade;
+            advance();
+        }
+
+        private void advance() {
+            nextBook = null;
+            while (index < books.size()) {
+                Book b = books.get(index++);
+                if (b.getYear() / 10 * 10 == decade) { nextBook = b; break; }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override public boolean hasNext() { return nextBook != null; }
+        @Override public Book next() {
+            Book b = nextBook; advance(); return b;
+        }
+    }
+}

03-behavioral/iterator/Main.java

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+package iterator;
+
+/**
+ * Iterator Design Pattern — Runnable Demo
+ * Run: javac iterator/*.java -d out/iterator && java -cp out/iterator iterator.Main
+ * Article: https://ankurm.com/iterator-design-pattern-java/
+ */
+public class Main {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("=== Iterator Design Pattern Demo ===\n");
+
+        BookShelf shelf = new BookShelf();
+        shelf.addBook(new Book("Clean Code",              "Robert Martin", 2008));
+        shelf.addBook(new Book("The Pragmatic Programmer","Andrew Hunt",   1999));
+        shelf.addBook(new Book("Effective Java",          "Joshua Bloch",  2001));
+        shelf.addBook(new Book("Design Patterns",         "Gang of Four",  1994));
+        shelf.addBook(new Book("Refactoring",             "Martin Fowler", 2018));
+        shelf.addBook(new Book("Working Effectively with Legacy Code", "Michael Feathers", 2004));
+
+        System.out.println("-- All books (forward iterator) --");
+        BookIterator it = shelf.iterator();
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            System.out.println("  " + it.next());
+        }
+
+        System.out.println("\n-- Books from the 2000s --");
+        BookIterator it2000s = shelf.iteratorByDecade(2000);
+        while (it2000s.hasNext()) {
+            System.out.println("  " + it2000s.next());
+        }
+
+        System.out.println("\n-- JDK Iterable: same pattern, different vocabulary --");
+        System.out.println("  java.util.Iterator is our BookIterator; for-each uses it under the hood");
+
+        System.out.println("\n=== Demo complete ===");
+    }
+}