framework-benchmarks: Spring Boot 4.1.1 vs Quarkus 3.40.1 vs Micronaut 5.2.2, JVM + native, benchmarked

2026-10-08 04:28:50 +00:00
commit 98e01bed4b
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>io.micronaut.platform</groupId>
+    <artifactId>micronaut-parent</artifactId>
+    <version>5.2.2</version>
+  </parent>
+
+  <groupId>com.ankurm.benchmarks</groupId>
+  <artifactId>micronaut-app</artifactId>
+  <version>1.0.0</version>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+  <name>micronaut-app</name>
+  <description>Widget REST API on Micronaut 5.2.2 - framework-benchmarks</description>
+
+  <properties>
+    <packaging>jar</packaging>
+    <jdk.version>25</jdk.version>
+    <release.version>25</release.version>
+    <micronaut.version>5.2.2</micronaut.version>
+    <micronaut.runtime>netty</micronaut.runtime>
+    <exec.mainClass>com.ankurm.benchmarks.micronaut.Application</exec.mainClass>
+  </properties>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
+      <artifactId>micronaut-http-server-netty</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.micronaut.serde</groupId>
+      <artifactId>micronaut-serde-jackson</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>io.micronaut.validation</groupId>
+      <artifactId>micronaut-validation</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>jakarta.annotation</groupId>
+      <artifactId>jakarta.annotation-api</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
+      <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
+      <scope>runtime</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <build>
+    <finalName>micronaut-app</finalName>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>io.micronaut.maven</groupId>
+        <artifactId>micronaut-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+      </plugin>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <annotationProcessorPaths combine.children="append">
+            <path>
+              <groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
+              <artifactId>micronaut-http-validation</artifactId>
+              <version>${micronaut.core.version}</version>
+            </path>
+            <path>
+              <groupId>io.micronaut.validation</groupId>
+              <artifactId>micronaut-validation-processor</artifactId>
+              <version>${micronaut.validation.version}</version>
+            </path>
+          </annotationProcessorPaths>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+        <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
+        <configuration>
+          <transformers>
+            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
+              <mainClass>${exec.mainClass}</mainClass>
+            </transformer>
+            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
+          </transformers>
+          <filters>
+            <filter>
+              <artifact>*:*</artifact>
+              <excludes>
+                <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
+                <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
+                <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
+              </excludes>
+            </filter>
+          </filters>
+        </configuration>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+
+  <profiles>
+    <profile>
+      <id>native</id>
+      <build>
+        <plugins>
+          <plugin>
+            <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
+            <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+            <configuration>
+              <imageName>micronaut-app</imageName>
+              <mainClass>${exec.mainClass}</mainClass>
+              <buildArgs>
+                <!-- Netty's ResourceLeakDetector holds a static reference to a
+                     ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger; logback is run-time-init by
+                     default, which GraalVM refuses to embed in the image heap.
+                     See docs/output/04-micronaut-native-build.txt for the real
+                     error this fixes. -->
+                <buildArg>--initialize-at-run-time=io.netty</buildArg>
+              </buildArgs>
+            </configuration>
+          </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+      </build>
+    </profile>
+  </profiles>
+
+</project>
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package com.ankurm.benchmarks.micronaut;
+
+import io.micronaut.runtime.Micronaut;
+
+public class Application {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Micronaut.run(Application.class, args);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package com.ankurm.benchmarks.micronaut;
+
+import io.micronaut.serde.annotation.Serdeable;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.PositiveOrZero;
+
+@Serdeable
+public record CreateWidgetRequest(
+        @NotBlank String name,
+        @PositiveOrZero int quantity) {
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.ankurm.benchmarks.micronaut;
+
+import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller;
+import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A plain custom endpoint rather than the micronaut-management starter, to keep the three
+ * health checks comparably trivial instead of comparing three different libraries.
+ */
+@Controller("/health")
+public class HealthController {
+
+    @Get
+    public Map<String, String> health() {
+        return Map.of("status", "UP");
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package com.ankurm.benchmarks.micronaut;
+
+import io.micronaut.serde.annotation.Serdeable;
+
+/**
+ * The one domain type every app in this repo shares, field for field, across
+ * Spring Boot, Quarkus and Micronaut. See the post's "the app under test" section.
+ * {@code @Serdeable} is Micronaut's own compile-time (de)serialization annotation,
+ * the equivalent of what Jackson's reflection does automatically at runtime for the
+ * other two apps - this is itself one of the post's findings.
+ */
+@Serdeable
+public record Widget(String id, String name, int quantity) {
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.ankurm.benchmarks.micronaut;
+
+import io.micronaut.http.HttpResponse;
+import io.micronaut.http.annotation.*;
+import io.micronaut.validation.Validated;
+import jakarta.validation.Valid;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+@Controller("/widgets")
+@Validated
+public class WidgetController {
+
+    private final WidgetStore store;
+
+    public WidgetController(WidgetStore store) {
+        this.store = store;
+    }
+
+    @Get
+    public Collection<Widget> all() {
+        return store.findAll();
+    }
+
+    @Get("/{id}")
+    public HttpResponse<Widget> one(@PathVariable String id) {
+        return store.findById(id)
+                .map(HttpResponse::ok)
+                .orElseGet(() -> HttpResponse.notFound());
+    }
+
+    @Post
+    public HttpResponse<Widget> create(@Valid @Body CreateWidgetRequest request) {
+        Widget created = store.create(request.name(), request.quantity());
+        return HttpResponse.created(created, URI.create("/widgets/" + created.id()));
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.ankurm.benchmarks.micronaut;
+
+import jakarta.inject.Singleton;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Thread-safe in-memory store, seeded identically to the Spring Boot and Quarkus versions.
+ * Deliberately no database: this repo isolates framework/runtime overhead from JDBC driver
+ * and native-image reflection-metadata concerns, which is a separate, larger topic.
+ */
+@Singleton
+public class WidgetStore {
+
+    private final Map<String, Widget> widgets = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private final AtomicInteger sequence = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+    public WidgetStore() {
+        seed("Hex Wrench Set", 42);
+        seed("Torque Screwdriver", 17);
+        seed("Bearing Puller", 5);
+        seed("Digital Caliper", 23);
+        seed("Bench Vise", 8);
+    }
+
+    private void seed(String name, int quantity) {
+        String id = "w-" + sequence.incrementAndGet();
+        widgets.put(id, new Widget(id, name, quantity));
+    }
+
+    public Collection<Widget> findAll() {
+        return widgets.values();
+    }
+
+    public Optional<Widget> findById(String id) {
+        return Optional.ofNullable(widgets.get(id));
+    }
+
+    public Widget create(String name, int quantity) {
+        String id = "w-" + sequence.incrementAndGet();
+        Widget widget = new Widget(id, name, quantity);
+        widgets.put(id, widget);
+        return widget;
+    }
+}
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+micronaut.application.name=micronautApp
+micronaut.server.port=8083
+endpoints.health.enabled=true
+endpoints.health.sensitive=false
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+<configuration>
+    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+        <encoder>
+            <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
+        </encoder>
+    </appender>
+    <root level="WARN">
+        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
+    </root>
+</configuration>