The failure as it actually appeared in a full 'mvn -B test' run of this repository, before hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache was pinned to false in application.yml. It is order-dependent: running the two classes on their own passes. [ERROR] ImmutableEntityTest.nativeSqlUpdate_onImmutableEntity_alwaysWorks:184 ยป Rollback Error while committing the transaction [Unable to perform afterTransactionCompletion callback: Cache[com.ank [ERROR] Tests run: 140, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0 Why every Spring context in the project had a second-level cache at all: $ mvn -o -B test -Dtest=JCacheOnClasspathAutoEnablesL2Test second-level cache enabled = true region factory = org.hibernate.cache.jcache.internal.JCacheRegionFactory explicitly configured? = true Nothing in src/main/resources/application.yml mentions caching: $ grep -ic cache src/main/resources/application.yml 0