hashmap-concurrenthashmap: companion code for the HashMap vs ConcurrentHashMap interview guide

Adds JMH put/get throughput benchmarks (synchronizedMap vs ConcurrentHashMap,
swept at 1/2/4/8 threads), a computeIfAbsent recursion trap demo (CHM tolerates
recursion into a different key but throws IllegalStateException on the same
key; plain HashMap throws ConcurrentModificationException even single-threaded),
and a null-handling demo (CHM rejects null keys/values on put() and null keys
on get() too). 7/7 JUnit tests pass; all output/ transcripts captured from
real runs.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01FhzLY5p6okFva3qsnsRyvM
This commit is contained in:
2026-09-30 09:29:06 +00:00
co-authored by Claude Sonnet 5
parent af615cc17c
commit 4a74153d87
16 changed files with 790 additions and 0 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
$ java ComputeIfAbsentRecursionDemo
=== ConcurrentHashMap: computeIfAbsent recursing into a DIFFERENT key ===
no exception, result = 99, map = {1=99, 2=99}
=== HashMap: computeIfAbsent recursing into a DIFFERENT key (single-threaded!) ===
threw java.util.ConcurrentModificationException: null
=== ConcurrentHashMap: computeIfAbsent recursing into the SAME key ===
threw java.lang.IllegalStateException: Recursive update
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
$ java NullHandlingDemo
=== HashMap: null key and null value are both fine ===
hm.get(null) = nullKeyValue
hm.get("k1") = null
=== ConcurrentHashMap: null key throws on put() ===
chm.put(null, "x") threw NullPointerException
=== ConcurrentHashMap: null value throws on put() ===
chm.put("k1", null) threw NullPointerException
=== ConcurrentHashMap: get(null) ALSO throws, not just put() ===
chm.get(null) threw: Cannot invoke "Object.hashCode()" because "key" is null
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
$ java -jar benchmarks.jar PutGetBenchmark -t 1
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# JMH version: 1.37
# VM version: JDK 25.0.4.1, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.4.1+1-LTS
# VM invoker: /tmp/tools/jdk-25.0.4.1+1/bin/java
# VM options: -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=JKS -Dhttps.proxyHost=127.0.0.1 -Dhttps.proxyPort=36265 -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|::1|127.*|0.*|::|169.254.*|api.anthropic.com|api-staging.anthropic.com|api-pr-preview.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy-staging.anthropic.com|registry.npmjs.org|jsr.io|npm.jsr.io|pypi.org|files.pythonhosted.org|index.crates.io|proxy.golang.org|host.docker.internal|10.*|172.16.*|172.17.*|172.18.*|172.19.*|172.20.*|172.21.*|172.22.*|172.23.*|172.24.*|172.25.*|172.26.*|172.27.*|172.28.*|172.29.*|172.30.*|172.31.*|192.168.*|100.64.0.0/10|*.svc.cluster.local|*.svc.cluster.local -Djdk.http.auth.tunneling.disabledSchemes= -Djdk.http.auth.proxying.disabledSchemes=
# Blackhole mode: compiler (auto-detected, use -Djmh.blackhole.autoDetect=false to disable)
# Warmup: 3 iterations, 1 s each
# Measurement: 5 iterations, 1 s each
# Timeout: 10 min per iteration
# Threads: 1 thread, will synchronize iterations
# Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time
# Benchmark: com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet
# Run progress: 0.00% complete, ETA 00:00:16
# Fork: 1 of 1
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# Warmup Iteration 1: 41935.635 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 2: 34018.409 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 3: 43093.817 ops/ms
Iteration 1: 40152.383 ops/ms
Iteration 2: 43889.780 ops/ms
Iteration 3: 50954.867 ops/ms
Iteration 4: 47590.666 ops/ms
Iteration 5: 49160.178 ops/ms
Result "com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet":
46349.575 ±(99.9%) 16685.366 ops/ms [Average]
(min, avg, max) = (40152.383, 46349.575, 50954.867), stdev = 4333.136
CI (99.9%): [29664.209, 63034.940] (assumes normal distribution)
# JMH version: 1.37
# VM version: JDK 25.0.4.1, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.4.1+1-LTS
# VM invoker: /tmp/tools/jdk-25.0.4.1+1/bin/java
# VM options: -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=JKS -Dhttps.proxyHost=127.0.0.1 -Dhttps.proxyPort=36265 -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|::1|127.*|0.*|::|169.254.*|api.anthropic.com|api-staging.anthropic.com|api-pr-preview.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy-staging.anthropic.com|registry.npmjs.org|jsr.io|npm.jsr.io|pypi.org|files.pythonhosted.org|index.crates.io|proxy.golang.org|host.docker.internal|10.*|172.16.*|172.17.*|172.18.*|172.19.*|172.20.*|172.21.*|172.22.*|172.23.*|172.24.*|172.25.*|172.26.*|172.27.*|172.28.*|172.29.*|172.30.*|172.31.*|192.168.*|100.64.0.0/10|*.svc.cluster.local|*.svc.cluster.local -Djdk.http.auth.tunneling.disabledSchemes= -Djdk.http.auth.proxying.disabledSchemes=
# Blackhole mode: compiler (auto-detected, use -Djmh.blackhole.autoDetect=false to disable)
# Warmup: 3 iterations, 1 s each
# Measurement: 5 iterations, 1 s each
# Timeout: 10 min per iteration
# Threads: 1 thread, will synchronize iterations
# Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time
# Benchmark: com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet
# Run progress: 50.00% complete, ETA 00:00:08
# Fork: 1 of 1
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# Warmup Iteration 1: 31892.267 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 2: 31779.124 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 3: 27890.347 ops/ms
Iteration 1: 32671.624 ops/ms
Iteration 2: 31503.343 ops/ms
Iteration 3: 34632.944 ops/ms
Iteration 4: 35160.134 ops/ms
Iteration 5: 33405.969 ops/ms
Result "com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet":
33474.803 ±(99.9%) 5684.794 ops/ms [Average]
(min, avg, max) = (31503.343, 33474.803, 35160.134), stdev = 1476.323
CI (99.9%): [27790.009, 39159.597] (assumes normal distribution)
# Run complete. Total time: 00:00:16
REMEMBER: The numbers below are just data. To gain reusable insights, you need to follow up on
why the numbers are the way they are. Use profilers (see -prof, -lprof), design factorial
experiments, perform baseline and negative tests that provide experimental control, make sure
the benchmarking environment is safe on JVM/OS/HW level, ask for reviews from the domain experts.
Do not assume the numbers tell you what you want them to tell.
NOTE: Current JVM experimentally supports Compiler Blackholes, and they are in use. Please exercise
extra caution when trusting the results, look into the generated code to check the benchmark still
works, and factor in a small probability of new VM bugs. Additionally, while comparisons between
different JVMs are already problematic, the performance difference caused by different Blackhole
modes can be very significant. Please make sure you use the consistent Blackhole mode for comparisons.
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet thrpt 5 46349.575 ± 16685.366 ops/ms
PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet thrpt 5 33474.803 ± 5684.794 ops/ms
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
$ java -jar benchmarks.jar PutGetBenchmark -t 2
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# JMH version: 1.37
# VM version: JDK 25.0.4.1, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.4.1+1-LTS
# VM invoker: /tmp/tools/jdk-25.0.4.1+1/bin/java
# VM options: -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=JKS -Dhttps.proxyHost=127.0.0.1 -Dhttps.proxyPort=36265 -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|::1|127.*|0.*|::|169.254.*|api.anthropic.com|api-staging.anthropic.com|api-pr-preview.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy-staging.anthropic.com|registry.npmjs.org|jsr.io|npm.jsr.io|pypi.org|files.pythonhosted.org|index.crates.io|proxy.golang.org|host.docker.internal|10.*|172.16.*|172.17.*|172.18.*|172.19.*|172.20.*|172.21.*|172.22.*|172.23.*|172.24.*|172.25.*|172.26.*|172.27.*|172.28.*|172.29.*|172.30.*|172.31.*|192.168.*|100.64.0.0/10|*.svc.cluster.local|*.svc.cluster.local -Djdk.http.auth.tunneling.disabledSchemes= -Djdk.http.auth.proxying.disabledSchemes=
# Blackhole mode: compiler (auto-detected, use -Djmh.blackhole.autoDetect=false to disable)
# Warmup: 3 iterations, 1 s each
# Measurement: 5 iterations, 1 s each
# Timeout: 10 min per iteration
# Threads: 2 threads, will synchronize iterations
# Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time
# Benchmark: com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet
# Run progress: 0.00% complete, ETA 00:00:16
# Fork: 1 of 1
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# Warmup Iteration 1: 39233.654 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 2: 39452.589 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 3: 48184.915 ops/ms
Iteration 1: 47466.755 ops/ms
Iteration 2: 49016.648 ops/ms
Iteration 3: 45435.780 ops/ms
Iteration 4: 46289.315 ops/ms
Iteration 5: 48645.768 ops/ms
Result "com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet":
47370.853 ±(99.9%) 5858.003 ops/ms [Average]
(min, avg, max) = (45435.780, 47370.853, 49016.648), stdev = 1521.305
CI (99.9%): [41512.850, 53228.857] (assumes normal distribution)
# JMH version: 1.37
# VM version: JDK 25.0.4.1, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.4.1+1-LTS
# VM invoker: /tmp/tools/jdk-25.0.4.1+1/bin/java
# VM options: -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=JKS -Dhttps.proxyHost=127.0.0.1 -Dhttps.proxyPort=36265 -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|::1|127.*|0.*|::|169.254.*|api.anthropic.com|api-staging.anthropic.com|api-pr-preview.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy-staging.anthropic.com|registry.npmjs.org|jsr.io|npm.jsr.io|pypi.org|files.pythonhosted.org|index.crates.io|proxy.golang.org|host.docker.internal|10.*|172.16.*|172.17.*|172.18.*|172.19.*|172.20.*|172.21.*|172.22.*|172.23.*|172.24.*|172.25.*|172.26.*|172.27.*|172.28.*|172.29.*|172.30.*|172.31.*|192.168.*|100.64.0.0/10|*.svc.cluster.local|*.svc.cluster.local -Djdk.http.auth.tunneling.disabledSchemes= -Djdk.http.auth.proxying.disabledSchemes=
# Blackhole mode: compiler (auto-detected, use -Djmh.blackhole.autoDetect=false to disable)
# Warmup: 3 iterations, 1 s each
# Measurement: 5 iterations, 1 s each
# Timeout: 10 min per iteration
# Threads: 2 threads, will synchronize iterations
# Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time
# Benchmark: com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet
# Run progress: 50.00% complete, ETA 00:00:08
# Fork: 1 of 1
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# Warmup Iteration 1: 8475.811 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 2: 7944.591 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 3: 6576.291 ops/ms
Iteration 1: 8300.960 ops/ms
Iteration 2: 7385.743 ops/ms
Iteration 3: 6304.540 ops/ms
Iteration 4: 11817.370 ops/ms
Iteration 5: 7213.951 ops/ms
Result "com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet":
8204.513 ±(99.9%) 8241.532 ops/ms [Average]
(min, avg, max) = (6304.540, 8204.513, 11817.370), stdev = 2140.300
CI (99.9%): [≈ 0, 16446.045] (assumes normal distribution)
# Run complete. Total time: 00:00:16
REMEMBER: The numbers below are just data. To gain reusable insights, you need to follow up on
why the numbers are the way they are. Use profilers (see -prof, -lprof), design factorial
experiments, perform baseline and negative tests that provide experimental control, make sure
the benchmarking environment is safe on JVM/OS/HW level, ask for reviews from the domain experts.
Do not assume the numbers tell you what you want them to tell.
NOTE: Current JVM experimentally supports Compiler Blackholes, and they are in use. Please exercise
extra caution when trusting the results, look into the generated code to check the benchmark still
works, and factor in a small probability of new VM bugs. Additionally, while comparisons between
different JVMs are already problematic, the performance difference caused by different Blackhole
modes can be very significant. Please make sure you use the consistent Blackhole mode for comparisons.
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet thrpt 5 47370.853 ± 5858.003 ops/ms
PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet thrpt 5 8204.513 ± 8241.532 ops/ms
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
$ java -jar benchmarks.jar PutGetBenchmark -t 4
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# JMH version: 1.37
# VM version: JDK 25.0.4.1, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.4.1+1-LTS
# VM invoker: /tmp/tools/jdk-25.0.4.1+1/bin/java
# VM options: -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=JKS -Dhttps.proxyHost=127.0.0.1 -Dhttps.proxyPort=36265 -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|::1|127.*|0.*|::|169.254.*|api.anthropic.com|api-staging.anthropic.com|api-pr-preview.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy-staging.anthropic.com|registry.npmjs.org|jsr.io|npm.jsr.io|pypi.org|files.pythonhosted.org|index.crates.io|proxy.golang.org|host.docker.internal|10.*|172.16.*|172.17.*|172.18.*|172.19.*|172.20.*|172.21.*|172.22.*|172.23.*|172.24.*|172.25.*|172.26.*|172.27.*|172.28.*|172.29.*|172.30.*|172.31.*|192.168.*|100.64.0.0/10|*.svc.cluster.local|*.svc.cluster.local -Djdk.http.auth.tunneling.disabledSchemes= -Djdk.http.auth.proxying.disabledSchemes=
# Blackhole mode: compiler (auto-detected, use -Djmh.blackhole.autoDetect=false to disable)
# Warmup: 3 iterations, 1 s each
# Measurement: 5 iterations, 1 s each
# Timeout: 10 min per iteration
# Threads: 4 threads, will synchronize iterations
# Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time
# Benchmark: com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet
# Run progress: 0.00% complete, ETA 00:00:16
# Fork: 1 of 1
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# Warmup Iteration 1: 40669.632 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 2: 42866.944 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 3: 46923.803 ops/ms
Iteration 1: 37839.870 ops/ms
Iteration 2: 47224.405 ops/ms
Iteration 3: 48408.338 ops/ms
Iteration 4: 47520.187 ops/ms
Iteration 5: 50097.930 ops/ms
Result "com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet":
46218.146 ±(99.9%) 18542.465 ops/ms [Average]
(min, avg, max) = (37839.870, 46218.146, 50097.930), stdev = 4815.419
CI (99.9%): [27675.681, 64760.611] (assumes normal distribution)
# JMH version: 1.37
# VM version: JDK 25.0.4.1, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.4.1+1-LTS
# VM invoker: /tmp/tools/jdk-25.0.4.1+1/bin/java
# VM options: -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=JKS -Dhttps.proxyHost=127.0.0.1 -Dhttps.proxyPort=36265 -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|::1|127.*|0.*|::|169.254.*|api.anthropic.com|api-staging.anthropic.com|api-pr-preview.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy-staging.anthropic.com|registry.npmjs.org|jsr.io|npm.jsr.io|pypi.org|files.pythonhosted.org|index.crates.io|proxy.golang.org|host.docker.internal|10.*|172.16.*|172.17.*|172.18.*|172.19.*|172.20.*|172.21.*|172.22.*|172.23.*|172.24.*|172.25.*|172.26.*|172.27.*|172.28.*|172.29.*|172.30.*|172.31.*|192.168.*|100.64.0.0/10|*.svc.cluster.local|*.svc.cluster.local -Djdk.http.auth.tunneling.disabledSchemes= -Djdk.http.auth.proxying.disabledSchemes=
# Blackhole mode: compiler (auto-detected, use -Djmh.blackhole.autoDetect=false to disable)
# Warmup: 3 iterations, 1 s each
# Measurement: 5 iterations, 1 s each
# Timeout: 10 min per iteration
# Threads: 4 threads, will synchronize iterations
# Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time
# Benchmark: com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet
# Run progress: 50.00% complete, ETA 00:00:08
# Fork: 1 of 1
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# Warmup Iteration 1: 7626.664 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 2: 8530.844 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 3: 9799.982 ops/ms
Iteration 1: 9978.021 ops/ms
Iteration 2: 9500.059 ops/ms
Iteration 3: 8813.332 ops/ms
Iteration 4: 9502.575 ops/ms
Iteration 5: 9466.454 ops/ms
Result "com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet":
9452.088 ±(99.9%) 1598.912 ops/ms [Average]
(min, avg, max) = (8813.332, 9452.088, 9978.021), stdev = 415.232
CI (99.9%): [7853.176, 11051.000] (assumes normal distribution)
# Run complete. Total time: 00:00:17
REMEMBER: The numbers below are just data. To gain reusable insights, you need to follow up on
why the numbers are the way they are. Use profilers (see -prof, -lprof), design factorial
experiments, perform baseline and negative tests that provide experimental control, make sure
the benchmarking environment is safe on JVM/OS/HW level, ask for reviews from the domain experts.
Do not assume the numbers tell you what you want them to tell.
NOTE: Current JVM experimentally supports Compiler Blackholes, and they are in use. Please exercise
extra caution when trusting the results, look into the generated code to check the benchmark still
works, and factor in a small probability of new VM bugs. Additionally, while comparisons between
different JVMs are already problematic, the performance difference caused by different Blackhole
modes can be very significant. Please make sure you use the consistent Blackhole mode for comparisons.
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet thrpt 5 46218.146 ± 18542.465 ops/ms
PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet thrpt 5 9452.088 ± 1598.912 ops/ms
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
$ java -jar benchmarks.jar PutGetBenchmark -t 8
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# JMH version: 1.37
# VM version: JDK 25.0.4.1, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.4.1+1-LTS
# VM invoker: /tmp/tools/jdk-25.0.4.1+1/bin/java
# VM options: -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=JKS -Dhttps.proxyHost=127.0.0.1 -Dhttps.proxyPort=36265 -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|::1|127.*|0.*|::|169.254.*|api.anthropic.com|api-staging.anthropic.com|api-pr-preview.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy-staging.anthropic.com|registry.npmjs.org|jsr.io|npm.jsr.io|pypi.org|files.pythonhosted.org|index.crates.io|proxy.golang.org|host.docker.internal|10.*|172.16.*|172.17.*|172.18.*|172.19.*|172.20.*|172.21.*|172.22.*|172.23.*|172.24.*|172.25.*|172.26.*|172.27.*|172.28.*|172.29.*|172.30.*|172.31.*|192.168.*|100.64.0.0/10|*.svc.cluster.local|*.svc.cluster.local -Djdk.http.auth.tunneling.disabledSchemes= -Djdk.http.auth.proxying.disabledSchemes=
# Blackhole mode: compiler (auto-detected, use -Djmh.blackhole.autoDetect=false to disable)
# Warmup: 3 iterations, 1 s each
# Measurement: 5 iterations, 1 s each
# Timeout: 10 min per iteration
# Threads: 8 threads, will synchronize iterations
# Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time
# Benchmark: com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet
# Run progress: 0.00% complete, ETA 00:00:16
# Fork: 1 of 1
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# Warmup Iteration 1: 34283.922 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 2: 30625.356 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 3: 45011.575 ops/ms
Iteration 1: 45542.175 ops/ms
Iteration 2: 43859.481 ops/ms
Iteration 3: 40886.605 ops/ms
Iteration 4: 40557.579 ops/ms
Iteration 5: 45152.391 ops/ms
Result "com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet":
43199.646 ±(99.9%) 9044.242 ops/ms [Average]
(min, avg, max) = (40557.579, 43199.646, 45542.175), stdev = 2348.761
CI (99.9%): [34155.404, 52243.888] (assumes normal distribution)
# JMH version: 1.37
# VM version: JDK 25.0.4.1, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.4.1+1-LTS
# VM invoker: /tmp/tools/jdk-25.0.4.1+1/bin/java
# VM options: -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=JKS -Dhttps.proxyHost=127.0.0.1 -Dhttps.proxyPort=36265 -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|::1|127.*|0.*|::|169.254.*|api.anthropic.com|api-staging.anthropic.com|api-pr-preview.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy.anthropic.com|mcp-proxy-staging.anthropic.com|registry.npmjs.org|jsr.io|npm.jsr.io|pypi.org|files.pythonhosted.org|index.crates.io|proxy.golang.org|host.docker.internal|10.*|172.16.*|172.17.*|172.18.*|172.19.*|172.20.*|172.21.*|172.22.*|172.23.*|172.24.*|172.25.*|172.26.*|172.27.*|172.28.*|172.29.*|172.30.*|172.31.*|192.168.*|100.64.0.0/10|*.svc.cluster.local|*.svc.cluster.local -Djdk.http.auth.tunneling.disabledSchemes= -Djdk.http.auth.proxying.disabledSchemes=
# Blackhole mode: compiler (auto-detected, use -Djmh.blackhole.autoDetect=false to disable)
# Warmup: 3 iterations, 1 s each
# Measurement: 5 iterations, 1 s each
# Timeout: 10 min per iteration
# Threads: 8 threads, will synchronize iterations
# Benchmark mode: Throughput, ops/time
# Benchmark: com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet
# Run progress: 50.00% complete, ETA 00:00:08
# Fork: 1 of 1
WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in sun.misc.Unsafe has been called
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset has been called by org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils (file:/home/claude/java-core-examples/hashmap-concurrenthashmap/target/benchmarks.jar)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of class org.openjdk.jmh.util.Utils
WARNING: sun.misc.Unsafe::objectFieldOffset will be removed in a future release
# Warmup Iteration 1: 6343.850 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 2: 8158.137 ops/ms
# Warmup Iteration 3: 7888.039 ops/ms
Iteration 1: 7586.558 ops/ms
Iteration 2: 8206.180 ops/ms
Iteration 3: 7242.487 ops/ms
Iteration 4: 7706.814 ops/ms
Iteration 5: 8379.430 ops/ms
Result "com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet":
7824.294 ±(99.9%) 1788.407 ops/ms [Average]
(min, avg, max) = (7242.487, 7824.294, 8379.430), stdev = 464.444
CI (99.9%): [6035.887, 9612.701] (assumes normal distribution)
# Run complete. Total time: 00:00:17
REMEMBER: The numbers below are just data. To gain reusable insights, you need to follow up on
why the numbers are the way they are. Use profilers (see -prof, -lprof), design factorial
experiments, perform baseline and negative tests that provide experimental control, make sure
the benchmarking environment is safe on JVM/OS/HW level, ask for reviews from the domain experts.
Do not assume the numbers tell you what you want them to tell.
NOTE: Current JVM experimentally supports Compiler Blackholes, and they are in use. Please exercise
extra caution when trusting the results, look into the generated code to check the benchmark still
works, and factor in a small probability of new VM bugs. Additionally, while comparisons between
different JVMs are already problematic, the performance difference caused by different Blackhole
modes can be very significant. Please make sure you use the consistent Blackhole mode for comparisons.
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
PutGetBenchmark.concurrentHashMapPutGet thrpt 5 43199.646 ± 9044.242 ops/ms
PutGetBenchmark.synchronizedHashMapPutGet thrpt 5 7824.294 ± 1788.407 ops/ms
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test set: com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.MapClaimsTest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tests run: 7, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.101 s -- in com.ankurm.hashmapconcurrenthashmap.MapClaimsTest