import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.StructuredTaskScope;
import java.util.concurrent.StructuredTaskScope.Joiner;
import java.util.concurrent.StructuredTaskScope.Subtask;

/**
 * JEP 533, Structured Concurrency (seventh preview), written against the JDK 27 API.
 *
 * <p>The headline change from JDK 26 is that {@code StructuredTaskScope} and {@code Joiner} gained a
 * third type parameter, {@code R_X}: the exception {@code join()} throws. That lets a scope throw YOUR
 * exception type rather than a generic {@code FailedException}. Compare broken/StructuredScope26.java,
 * which is JDK 26 code that no longer compiles. Explained in docs/07-structured-concurrency.md.
 *
 * <p>Compile and run with --enable-preview.
 */
public class StructuredDemo {

    /** The application's own failure type: what R_X lets us surface. */
    static class OrderFailed extends Exception {
        OrderFailed(Throwable cause) {
            super("order failed: " + cause.getMessage(), cause);
        }
    }

    static String fetchPrice() throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(50);
        return "price=42";
    }

    static String fetchStock() throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(80);
        return "stock=7";
    }

    static String failingCall() {
        throw new IllegalStateException("inventory service is down");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        allSuccessful();
        yourOwnExceptionType();
        timeout();
    }

    /** The default joiner: all subtasks must succeed, failure surfaces as ExecutionException. */
    static void allSuccessful() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("--- allSuccessfulOrThrow(): results as a List, failures as ExecutionException");
        try (var scope = StructuredTaskScope.open(Joiner.<String>allSuccessfulOrThrow())) {
            scope.fork(StructuredDemo::fetchPrice);
            scope.fork(StructuredDemo::fetchStock);
            List<String> results = scope.join();
            System.out.println("results = " + results);
            Check.that(results.equals(List.of("price=42", "stock=7")), "join() returns the subtask results in fork order");
        }

        try (var scope = StructuredTaskScope.open(Joiner.<String>allSuccessfulOrThrow())) {
            scope.fork(StructuredDemo::fetchPrice);
            scope.fork(StructuredDemo::failingCall);
            scope.join();
            Check.that(false, "unreachable");
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            System.out.println("caught " + e.getClass().getName() + " with cause " + e.getCause());
            Check.that(e.getCause() instanceof IllegalStateException, "a failing subtask surfaces as ExecutionException(cause)");
        }
    }

    /** New in 27: hand the joiner a function and join() throws YOUR type. */
    static void yourOwnExceptionType() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("--- allSuccessfulOrThrow(Function): join() throws the exception type you choose");
        try (var scope = StructuredTaskScope.open(Joiner.<String, OrderFailed>allSuccessfulOrThrow(OrderFailed::new))) {
            scope.fork(StructuredDemo::fetchPrice);
            scope.fork(StructuredDemo::failingCall);
            scope.join();          // declared: throws OrderFailed, InterruptedException
            Check.that(false, "unreachable");
        } catch (OrderFailed e) {
            System.out.println("caught " + e.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": " + e.getMessage());
            Check.that(e.getCause() instanceof IllegalStateException, "the mapped exception wraps the original failure");
        }
    }

    /** Timeouts are now a configuration option; a Joiner decides what a timeout means. */
    static void timeout() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("--- withTimeout(...): what happens when the scope runs out of time");
        try (var scope = StructuredTaskScope.open(Joiner.<String>allSuccessfulOrThrow(),
                cfg -> cfg.withTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(100)))) {
            Subtask<String> slow = scope.fork(() -> {
                Thread.sleep(2_000);
                return "too late";
            });
            scope.join();
            Check.that(false, "unreachable");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("caught " + e.getClass().getName());
            System.out.println("   cause: " + e.getCause());
            Check.that(e.getCause() instanceof StructuredTaskScope.CancelledByTimeoutException
                            || e instanceof StructuredTaskScope.CancelledByTimeoutException,
                    "a timeout is reported as CancelledByTimeoutException");
        }
    }
}