Add OAuth2 resource server project: JWT validation, JWKS and key rotation

Companion code for the follow-up article. The repository now holds two Maven
projects sharing one docs/ tree:

  jwt-authentication/       the hand-written filter application (unchanged, moved)
  oauth2-resource-server/   a resource server, a Keycloak compose, and a stub
                            issuer whose JWK Set can be mutated on command

The stub exists because Keycloak will not rotate a signing key at a chosen
second, report how many times its JWKS endpoint was fetched, or drop a key from
the published set on request - and the caching and rotation measurements need
all three. The Keycloak run confirms the same code path against a real issuer.

Findings captured under docs/output/, all from real runs:

  * The default validator stack does not check aud. A token minted for another
    service in the same realm is accepted.
  * Spring Security builds its JWKSource with refreshAheadCache(false) and
    rateLimited(false), overriding two of Nimbus's protective defaults, and
    enables Nimbus caching only when NO Spring cache was supplied - so
    supplying one removes the five-minute expiry.
  * A key retired from the JWK Set stops being accepted at t+300s with the
    default cache, and never with a Spring cache that has no TTL.
  * 25 tokens carrying an unknown kid produce 25 JWKS fetches at the issuer,
    through permitAll() endpoints included.
  * A hyphenated client id in an authorities-claim-expression parses as
    subtraction; the SpelEvaluationException is swallowed and logged at TRACE.
  * A clientScopes key in a Keycloak realm import replaces the built-in scopes
    rather than adding to them.

New docs chapters 12-18. README covers both projects. Existing docs and scripts
updated for the new paths; no docs/output/ file from the first article moved, so
links in the published article still resolve.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_013f7f2XZXrQ6gW3RtZE187t

jwt-authentication/scripts/resource-server-demo.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Compares the built-in resource server with and without a token_type validator.
+# Requires two runs; see docs/09-manual-filter-vs-resource-server.md
+set -u
+BASE="${1:-http://localhost:8080}"
+LABEL="${2:-resourceserver}"
+show() {
+  local out; out=$(curl -sS -D /tmp/.h -o /tmp/.b -w '%{http_code}' "$@")
+  printf 'HTTP %s\n' "$out"
+  grep -iE '^www-authenticate:' /tmp/.h | sed 's/\r$//'
+  [ -s /tmp/.b ] && { python3 -m json.tool < /tmp/.b 2>/dev/null | head -10 || cat /tmp/.b; echo; }
+}
+hr(){ printf '\n%s\n' "--------------------------------------------------------------------------"; }
+
+echo "=========================================================================="
+echo " jwt-auth-demo - built-in resource server"
+echo " profiles: $LABEL"
+echo "=========================================================================="
+
+R=$(curl -sS -X POST "$BASE/api/auth/login" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
+    -d '{"username":"alice","password":"alice-password"}')
+ACCESS=$(echo "$R" | python3 -c 'import json,sys;print(json.load(sys.stdin)["accessToken"])')
+REFRESH=$(echo "$R" | python3 -c 'import json,sys;print(json.load(sys.stdin)["refreshToken"])')
+
+hr; echo "# 1. The filter chain. Note BearerTokenAuthenticationFilter in place of our"
+echo "#    hand-written JwtAuthenticationFilter - same slot, framework-owned."
+echo; show "$BASE/api/public/filters"
+
+hr; echo "# 2. Access token -> 200."; echo; show "$BASE/api/me" -H "Authorization: Bearer $ACCESS"
+
+hr; echo "# 3. Non-admin on an admin route -> 403 insufficient_scope."
+echo; show "$BASE/api/admin/stats" -H "Authorization: Bearer $ACCESS"
+
+hr; echo "# 4. REFRESH token presented as an access token."
+echo "#    This is the line to watch when comparing the two runs."
+echo; show "$BASE/api/me" -H "Authorization: Bearer $REFRESH"
+
+hr; echo "# end"