INDICATIVE, shared 2-vCPU sandbox, database in a container on the same host. 4000 x 'SELECT ... WHERE id = ?' per round, 100 in flight, pool size 20, 5 rounds after 1 warm-up each. queries/second, sorted: R2DBC DatabaseClient : [233, 288, 361, 427, 435] median=361 JDBC + virtual threads : [1240, 1281, 1348, 1558, 3084] median=1348