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zgc-jdk25-benchmarks/results/04-stalls-zgc-spiketolerance.txt
Ankur e189da79ba Generational ZGC vs G1 on JDK 25: benchmarks, internals and captured results
Complete companion suite for the ankurm.com guide. Everything was compiled and
executed on java 25.0.3+9-LTS-195 (AMD Ryzen 5 5600U, Windows 11); every file
under results/ is unedited program output.

Code
  latency/    open-loop latency harness that measures from intended arrival, so
              coordinated omission is accounted for rather than hidden. Reports
              response time and service time side by side; the gap reached 2910x
              on G1.
  jmh/        four microbenchmarks isolating one mechanism each: TLAB allocation,
              the ZGC load barrier (with a primitive-load control), the write
              barrier (with null / old-to-old / primitive controls), and promotion
              pressure.
  tuning/     provokes ZGC allocation stalls and reads its own JFR recording back,
              grouped by page class. jdk.ZAllocationStall is enabled without a
              threshold, because the 10 ms default hides most stalls.
  internals/  ZGC page classes vs G1 humongous, read from the live VM via
              HotSpotDiagnosticMXBean and jdk.ZPageAllocation events.
  analysis/   unified GC log parser that keeps stop-the-world pauses and
              concurrent phases in separate buckets.
  env/        environment capture; proves generational mode from JMX bean names.

Docs
  Eight chapters covering the JEP 439/474/490 timeline, colored pointers and both
  barriers, allocation stalls, a full flag reference, logging and JFR, benchmark
  methodology, corner cases, and a decision procedure.

Headline result (60 s, 20k req/s, 2 GB heap, ~585 MB live)
  p50               ZGC 0.006 ms   G1 0.005 ms
  p99.9             ZGC 1.437 ms   G1 95.169 ms
  total STW time    ZGC 1.503 ms   G1 1,139.624 ms
2026-07-31 08:47:16 +05:30

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max heap : 512 MB
target live set : 281 MB (55% of heap)
threads : 12, duration: 20 s
filling live set ...
live set filled: 4,505 chunks x 64 KB
now allocating hard for 20 s -- expect stalls
allocation phase done
========================================================================
JFR summary (C:\Users\Ankur\allocation-stalls.jfr)
========================================================================
young collections : 1,722
old collections : 219
page allocations : 39,803
ALLOCATION STALLS : 32,442
total time threads spent stalled : 140,558 ms
mean stall : 4.33 ms
longest stall : 50.33 ms
stalls by ZGC page type
Small count=32,442 total=140,558 ms mean=4.33 ms
ten longest stalls
duration page size thread
50.33 ms Small 2097152 allocator-10
48.98 ms Small 2097152 allocator-5
48.96 ms Small 2097152 allocator-6
48.84 ms Small 2097152 allocator-7
48.79 ms Small 2097152 allocator-1
47.89 ms Small 2097152 allocator-0
47.33 ms Small 2097152 allocator-10
47.12 ms Small 2097152 allocator-3
46.96 ms Small 2097152 allocator-5
46.71 ms Small 2097152 allocator-1
Compare against your pause-time chart: none of the above is a pause.
Inspect the raw events, including the stack that was stalled, with:
jfr print --events ZAllocationStall allocation-stalls.jfr