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Ankur in AI & Machine Learning

Spring AI 1.x to 2.0: The Migration Guide (What Breaks, and What Breaks Silently)

A complete Spring AI 1.x to 2.0 migration guide, verified against Spring AI 2.0.0 on Spring Boot 4.1. Boot 4 is mandatory and Jackson moves to 3. internalToolExecutionEnabled and toolNames are removed outright, not renamed. Chat memory becomes stricter: 2.0 removes the remaining default-ID and builder-based configuration paths, while explicit per-request conversation IDs — introduced during the 1.x line — become the only safe migration target. Plus the changes that produce no compile error at all.

1 min read
Ankur in Java

Spring gRPC with Spring Boot 4: A First-Class Starter, and the Failures Nobody Warns You About

Spring Boot 4 promotes gRPC to a first-class starter. A beginner-to-advanced guide: all four call types, then the failures whose error messages point somewhere other than their cause — the 4 MB limit and which side enforces it, the absent default deadline, cancellation that never interrupts your thread, UNKNOWN statuses, and the in-process test transport that cannot enforce message size limits at all.

1 min read
Ankur in Java

Exactly-Once with Spring Kafka on Boot 4: Idempotent Producers and Transactions

A beginner-to-advanced guide to exactly-once semantics with Spring Kafka on Spring Boot 4.1 — idempotent producers, transactions, and read-process-write. Verified against a live broker: the acks=1 setting that silently disables idempotence, the transaction markers that break offset arithmetic (but not consumer lag), the random transactional.id that defeats fencing entirely, the database boundary Kafka cannot cross, and what a transaction actually costs.

1 min read
Ankur in Java

Generational ZGC on JDK 25: Benchmarks vs G1 (Beginner to Advanced)

A beginner-to-advanced guide to Generational ZGC on JDK 25 — the first LTS where it is the only ZGC. Colored pointers, load and store barriers, and a measured comparison against G1: ZGC's p99.9 of 1.4 ms vs G1's 95.2 ms, 1.5 ms of total freeze time vs 1.14 s, plus the failure modes and throughput costs nobody charts — allocation stalls, disabled compressed oops, and the promotion crossover where ZGC wins throughput too.

2 min read
Ankur in Java

Java Vector API (JEP 537): SIMD, Auto-Vectorization, Masks, and Real Benchmarks

A beginner-to-advanced guide to Java's Vector API (JEP 537, twelfth incubator in JDK 27). Start from what a CPU vector and SIMD actually are, see how HotSpot's C2 auto-vectorizes simple loops for free (with an experiment that proves it), learn when auto-vectorization silently gives up, then write real vector loops with species, the loopBound tail pattern, and masks for branchless control flow - including a JMH-measured 5.0x speedup on one masked-filter workload and 5.7x on a branchy brightness kernel, the exact machine those numbers came from, and a runnable companion repository.

3 min read
Ankur in Uncategorized

Java Value Classes (JEP 401): The Complete Guide to Project Valhalla’s First Preview (Beginner to Advanced)

A beginner-to-advanced guide to Java value classes (JEP 401), Project Valhalla's first preview targeting JDK 28. Learn what object identity costs (with runnable benchmarks), the value keyword, value records, the new construction rule, changed == semantics, Objects.hasIdentity, scalarization and heap flattening (with diagrams and a real 3x LocalDate benchmark), migrated JDK classes, migration rules, and what's not in the preview yet.

2 min read
Ankur in Hibernate

Spring Data JPA 3 to 4 Migration Guide: Query Derivation Changes, the hibernate-processor Coordinate Swap, and Value-Objects

A beginner-to-advanced guide to migrating the repository layer from Spring Data JPA 3 to 4 on Spring Boot 4.1: the hibernate-jpamodelgen → hibernate-processor coordinate swap and the silent metamodel failure it causes, why derived queries now generate JPQL instead of CriteriaQuery (and the getSingleResultOrNull edge case), records as @Embeddable value objects and projection targets, JSpecify nullability, the refined Specification API, and the removed config that breaks your build — all mapped to real code and errors on a Spring Boot 4.1 app.

2 min read