The Midpoint Circle Algorithm (MPC) is an efficient way to draw a circle using raster graphics. It is an improved version of Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm and avoids using floating-point calculations, making it faster for computer graphics. This blog post explains a C++ program that implements the Midpoint Circle Algorithm using the graphics.h library.

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Ellipses are fundamental shapes in computer graphics, widely used in various applications such as image processing, animation, and CAD systems. In this blog post, we’ll explore how to draw an ellipse using the Midpoint Ellipse Algorithm in C++ with graphics.h.

Introduction to Midpoint Ellipse Algorithm

The Midpoint Ellipse Algorithm is an efficient way to generate an ellipse using only integer operations. It is based on the midpoint method, which determines the next pixel position by evaluating a decision parameter.

This algorithm divides the ellipse into two regions:

1. Region 1: The slope of the curve is less than 1.
2. Region 2: The slope of the curve is greater than 1.

Each region is processed separately to ensure a smooth curve.

C++ Code Implementation

Below is the C++ program that implements the Midpoint Ellipse Algorithm. It uses the graphics.h library, which is part of the Turbo C++ environment.

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The Flood Fill Algorithm fills a connected region on a raster display by replacing all pixels that share the same original colour as the seed pixel with a new fill colour. Unlike the Boundary Fill Algorithm — which stops at a specific boundary colour — Flood Fill continues spreading in all directions as long as the pixel matches the original seed colour. It is the underlying technique used by the “Paint Bucket” tool in image editors.

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The Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) algorithm is one of the simplest line-drawing algorithms in computer graphics. It is an incremental method that determines intermediate points between two given endpoints of a line. In this blog post, we will explore the DDA algorithm, understand its working, and implement it using C++.

What is the DDA Algorithm?

The DDA (Digital Differential Analyzer) algorithm is a rasterization algorithm used to draw lines on a pixel-based display. It works by calculating the intermediate points that form a straight line between two given points and plotting them sequentially. The algorithm uses floating-point arithmetic to incrementally determine the next pixel position.

Steps of the DDA Algorithm:

1. Calculate the change in x (dx) and y (dy) between the starting and ending points.
2. Determine the number of steps required for the line. This is the greater value between dx and dy.
3. Compute the increment values dx/steps and dy/steps to determine how much x and y should increase per step.
4. Start from the initial point and iteratively plot the next points by adding the increment values.
5. Stop when the endpoint is reached.

C++ Implementation of DDA Algorithm

Here is a simple C++ program to implement the DDA line drawing algorithm using the graphics.h library:

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The Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm is one of the most widely used algorithms in computer graphics for clipping line segments against a rectangular viewport. It works by assigning a 4-bit region code to each endpoint of a line to quickly determine whether the line is fully inside the window, fully outside, or needs to be clipped. The algorithm avoids expensive intersection calculations whenever possible, making it very efficient for real-time rendering pipelines.

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Character Generation by the Bitmap Method is a fundamental technique in computer graphics for rendering text or custom symbols on a raster display. A character is represented as a two-dimensional binary (or integer) grid — called a bitmap — where each cell in the grid corresponds to one pixel. A 1 (or any non-zero value) means the pixel should be drawn; a 0 means it should be left blank. This method is used in early video games, embedded displays, and any system that needs custom pixel-perfect fonts.

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Bresenham’s circle algorithm is an efficient way to draw a circle using only integer calculations. It eliminates the need for floating-point arithmetic and is widely used in computer graphics.

Below is the implementation of Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm using C++ and the graphics.h library. This program takes user input for the circle’s center and radius, then uses the algorithm to plot the circle.

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